SKU: 93165790704

Iron Will: Cleveland-Cliffs and the Mining of Iron Ore, 1847-2006

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Iron Will: Cleveland-Cliffs and the Mining of Iron Ore, 1847-2006In Iron Will: Cleveland Cliffs and the Mining of Iron Ore, 1847 2006, Terry S. Reynolds and Virginia P. Dawson tell the story of Cleveland Cliffs, the only surviving independent American iron mining company, now known as Cliffs Natural Resources. Headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, Cleveland Cliffs played a major role in the opening and development of the Lake Superior mining district and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Through Cleveland Cliffs' history,

In Iron Will: Cleveland-Cliffs and the Mining of Iron Ore, 1847--2006, Terry S. Reynolds and Virginia P. Dawson tell the story of Cleveland-Cliffs, the only surviving independent American iron mining company, now known as Cliffs Natural Resources. Headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio, Cleveland-Cliffs played a major role in the opening and development of the Lake Superior mining district and Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Through Cleveland-Cliffs' history, Reynolds and Dawson examine major transitions in the history of the American iron and steel industry from the perspective of an important raw materials supplier.

Reynolds and Dawson trace Cleveland-Cliffs' beginnings around 1850, its growth under Samuel L. Mather and his son William G. Mather, its emergence as an important player in the growing national iron ore market, and its tribulations during the Great Depression. The authors explore the company's fortunes after World War II, when Cleveland-Cliffs developed technologies to tap into vast reserves of low-grade Michigan iron ore and turned to joint ventures and strategic partnerships to raise the capital needed to implement them. The authors also explain how the company became the largest independent producer of iron ore in the United States by purchasing the mining interests of its bankrupt partners during the implosion of the American steel industry in the late-twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Reynolds and Dawson detail Cleveland-Cliffs' evolving efforts to deal with labor, from its early mostly immigrant workforce to its ambitious program of welfare capitalism in the early twentieth century to its struggles with organized labor after World War II.

Iron Will is a thorough, well-organized history based on extensive archival research and interviews with company personnel. This story will appeal to scholars interested in industrial or mining history, business historians, and those interested in Great Lakes and Michigan history.

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SKU: 93165790704

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For anyone that has owned an E46 knows that even the stock kidney grills are brittle plastic. This aftermarket is about the same quality as stock. It is a direct fit and has the clips where they are supposed to be to keep them in place. The look is also pretty nice. This one is all black and actually looks nice on my black E46. I would recommend especially for the price and shipping was fast.
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I should have read all the other reviews ...
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I read all the bad reviews, but I gave it a shot anyways Tabs wont clip in place and fitment is slightly off.
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